September 12

Under overcast skies and temperatures in the mid 60’s, I’m about a mile upstream from my last encounter with Pine Creek, standing on the south end of impounded Rainbow Lake, watching water flow through the dam’s spillway to form the creek as it flows south toward Maple Rapids. In the early 1960’s, Pine Creek was dammed to form the 300-acre Rainbow Lake. During the great flood of 1986, the dam was breached and the lake was drained (stock photo). In 1989, the dam was rebuilt and the lake restored. Following a path on a high bank of the creek, I notice some blossoms of Queen Anne’s Lace remain open while others have folded up and seeded out. After opening one of these cup-like “nests”, I’m not surprised to see a live, colorful, ½ inch, Carrot Seed Moth Caterpillar. The invasive moth from this caterpillar (stock photo) was first noticed in North America in 2002. Some researchers suggest that the moth may have hitchhiked on a trans-Atlantic vessel that ended up at a Great Lakes port. So far, this insect has had minimal impact on the ecosystem. Up ahead, I spot the conspicuous white rump patch of a Northern Flicker as it flies away and perches in a nearby tree where it repeats its loud, single-note call. Scanning the sky, I watch an Osprey circle overhead and land at the top of a nearby cell-phone tower. Ospreys, also called fish hawks, are excellent anglers. Over several studies, these birds of prey caught fish on at least 1 in every 4 dives, with success rates sometimes as high as 70 percent. The average time they spent hunting before making a catch was about 12 minutes. Walking back toward the car, I observe a Great Blue Heron standing on a dock. Back in the car, I head north about halfway up the lake and stop at a small park to explore the shoreline where I spot pale green berries of Poison Ivy and red berries of Maple-leaf Viburnum. In a few weeks, the toxic Poison Ivy berries will turn white and the toxic leaves red.  Also, in a few weeks, the Viburnum berries will ripen to a dark blue color. While many types of Viburnum berries are edible and tasty, those of the Maple-Leaf variety are edible but not tasty. Nearby, I come upon a few stems of Common Teasel, topped with spiny seed pods and Hickory leaves displaying a condition called leaf spot, caused by a fungal pathogen. Moving down to the water’s edge, a yellow blossom of Nodding beggarticks catches my eye. Looking across the lake, I observe a wooded section of shoreline that remains undeveloped while most of it is occupied by high-end housing.

 

Late in summer

Nature’s décor

Sun shares less

Asters share more

Nests are empty

Redwings gone

Vigilant, the doe

Bolder, the fawn

Marsh still alive

Dragonflies hover

Blue Herons wade

More to discover

 

D. DeGraaf

September 5

The early morning temperature is in the upper 60’s, under mostly sunny skies as I pause to listen to a chorus of insects (crickets, katydids, cicadas) and a Mourning Dove while watching the water of Pine Creek flow south into the Maple River. I’m just north of Clinton County’s village of Maple Rapids to begin my quest to follow Pine Creek upstream through impounded Rainbow Lake to its source, some 14 miles north of here in Gratiot County. Scanning the ground, I catch a glimpse of a 3-inch Northern Leopard Frog, hiding in the dew-covered grass. Over the past thirty years, this species of frog has suffered dramatic population decline across its western range. Factors that contributed to this decline, include habitat loss and degradation; introduction of exotic predators, such as nonnative fish, bullfrogs and crayfish; introduction of disease and pesticides and climate change effects on aquatic habitats. Looking around, I locate both yellow blossoms of Canadian Goldenrod and green blossoms of Common Ragweed. To clarify a common misconception, it’s the light-weight, wind-blown pollen of Ragweed that is the primary allergen for those who suffer from autumn “hay fever”, not the heavier pollen of Goldenrod that rarely becomes airborne. Further upstream, I notice the creek water is stagnate and covered in duckweed. Along the lush bank, I spot orange blossoms of Jewel Weed and yellow blossoms of Jerusalem Artichoke. This plant has roots of fleshy tubers (stock photo) that are edible and taste something like nuts and artichokes. Other blossoms seen include Wild Cucumber and Pennsylvania Smartweed. These plants are called smartweed because they have a sharp, peppery flavor and their plant juice makes one’s eyes run. Considered an herb, the entire plant is used to make medicine. People take smartweed tea to stop bleeding from hemorrhoids, as well as menstrual bleeding and other uterine bleeding. They also use it to treat diarrhea. Just ahead, the edible fruit of Elderberry and the inedible fruit of Pokeweed catch my eye. Eating Pokeberries can pose a risk for birds, particularly late in the year. It seems the berries will sometimes ferment, intoxicating birds that eat them. Although all parts of Pokeweed – berries, roots, leaves and stems – are poisonous to humans, some folks take the risk of eating poke salad each spring. Continuing upstream, I come upon a patch of ¾ inch Bonnet Cap mushrooms growing on a decayed log. Although these little mushrooms are considered edible, they are quite insubstantial, certainly not highly prized and not worth collecting to eat. Approaching the car, another early sign of autumn catches my eye: Virginia Creeper leaves turning red. At the car, suddenly a Great Blue Heron flies my way, sees me, turns around and flies away.

 

Scenes from my weekly walk

Song of a dove, sight of a hawk

Frogs that hop, leaves that sway

Sunrise at the break of day

Muskrat swims among the reeds

Wind blows the milkweed seeds

On the ground, a garter snake

On the pond, a mallard drake

Sky above and earth below

Nature’s late summer show

 

D. DeGraaf

August 29

My early morning hike in Traverse City’s 62-acre, Pelizzari Natural Area starts under partly sunny skies, temperatures in the upper 50’s and a gentle westerly breeze. Following a two-track through a large meadow, I notice the deep red fruit of young female Staghorn Sumac trees. This plant gets its common name from the coarse branches covered with fine hairs that resemble deer antlers in velvet. The bristly red hairs covering the fruit are filled with tart ascorbic acid that are easily rendered into a sumac-ade drink. On either side of the trail, I recognize blossoms of two invasive species: Hoary Alyssum and Spotted Knapweed. Nearby, on the branch of a small Red Oak tree, I observe a woody growth called a Gouty Oak Gall. Mated females of a tiny, non-stinging wasp (stock photo) deposit eggs on young oak twigs that induce the tree to produce this growth that enlarges over time. This growth, called a gall, provides protection, food, and shelter for the developing larvae. When the larvae reach adulthood, they emerge from the gall to start the cycle again. Though not aesthetically pleasing, most galls cause little damage to the tree. Continuing east into a dense deciduous forest. I spot my first White Aster blossoms of the year, an early sign of the season to come. Up ahead, I come upon freshly-chipped wood created by a feeding Pileated Woodpecker and the stripped trunk of a pine tree created by a feeding porcupine. Other sightings include unripe fruit of Maple-Leaf Viburnum and ripe fruit of White Baneberry. Hiking the hilly terrain toward the rising sun, my attention is drawn to the call of a Red-Eyed Vireo. After pausing to scan a large glade, I turn around, re-enter the dense forest and make my way through a mature pine plantation. Further ahead, the trail reveals decaying leaf litter of Oak, Aspen, Beech and Pine. Back through the large meadow, I pause as a breeze sways a small Aspen tree whose leaves are starting to change into their autumn colors. Nearing the car, I can barely see a ½ inch Green Lacewing perched on a stem. A common sight in this habitat, this insect is a beneficial predator, best known for feeding on aphids but will also control mites and other soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars, leafhoppers, mealybugs and whiteflies The larva is brown and white (stock photo) and may grow up to a ½ inch. Called an aphidlion, it is a voracious feeder, attacking aphids with large, curved, hollow mandibles. While rare, lacewing larvae do bite humans resulting in nothing more than a small skin irritation. 

 

Waning days of August

Nature waxing still

Goldenrod jewels

Crown the grassy hill

Gems of purple aster

Sparkling as well

Tapestry of green

Coloring the dell

Draping the pine

Creeper leaves red

Summer falls behind

Autumn dead ahead

 

D. DeGraaf

August 22

Under sunny skies and temperatures in the upper 50’s, I begin my morning hike at the Chippewa Watershed Conservancy’s Millpond Nature Area. Recently established, this 17-acre preserve is located along the Chippewa River in the city of Mt. Pleasant, adjoining Chipp-A-Waters Park. The property was purchased with the assistance of a grant from the Consumers Energy Foundation. In addition to the purchase, the grant will fund five years of site restoration including the removal of invasive species and the reintroduction of native plants. With no trails to follow, I make my way along the riverbank where I spot a female Mallard floating downstream. On the muddy shore, I can barely make out a ½-inch American toadlet. What’s surprising about these toadlets is that they are so tiny compared to adult toads. For example, there is no such thing as mini-bullfrogs. Tadpoles of “true toads” metamorphose at a very small size, often all at once, and then disperse. Where tadpoles are plentiful, dozens or even hundreds of these tiny toadlets are seen hopping around. Nearby, I recognize tracks of raccoon and deer while just of shore, water striders are seen skating next to a partially submerged tree trunk. Turning inland, I come upon some Dryad saddle fungi growing on a decayed log. These fungi grow fresh edible caps first thing in spring and then again now as temperatures cool down. Hiking gingerly through a dense woodland of maple, cottonwood, boxelder and ash (both alive and dead), I spot a 1-inch perching Crane Fly and a scattering of Virginia Knotweed. Up ahead, a pile of deer scat (summer version) is seen. This softer, moist scat means the deer was hydrated compared to dry winter scat (stock photo) when drinking water is scare. Within one of several glades, I notice a few tall stems of Stinging Nettle displaying their hanging bead-like flowers. However, most of the area is blanketed with the shorter False Nettle displaying their dense tube-like flowers. Unlike, Stinging Nettle, False Nettle does not have prickly leaves emitting acid that when touched, causes skin irritation. Nearing the car, I notice some leaves of a cherry tree have tiny spindles growing on their surface. Called spindle galls, they do not seriously harm the tree; instead, they’re homes of tiny garden mites (stock photo). In the spring, these mites emerge from their hiding places under bark and bud scales to begin feeding on the newly opened leaves. Usually, the most serious effect is that infected leaves are tricked into encapsulating the mite, thus forming the very noticeable gall. 

 

Season of summer

Leaves its mark

Cicadas whine

Dawn to dark

Thistle seeds

Fuzzy white

Finches of gold

Sing in flight

Meadow green

Won’t surrender

Mother Nature

In all her splendor

 

D. DeGraaf 

August 15

The midday sky is overcast with temperatures in the upper 70’s and a light westerly breeze, as I begin exploring Chippewa Watershed Conservancy’s 1-acre nature preserve on the shore of tiny Lake Steven in Montcalm County. A strip of open field next to the road display pink blossoms of Joe-Pye-weed and white blossoms of Boneset. Native Americans used Boneset to treat many ailments. Many say the fused, opposite leaves led to the notion that this plant could help heal and strengthen bones. Others say that pioneers called these plants “boneset” because they used them to treat fevers that made one’s bones ache. Nearby, I come across a Yellow-collared Scape moth resting on a leaf. This moth is unusual in that it is one of few that fly during daylight. Because it is vulnerable to visual predators, it must have special protections to survive. The black with a yellow “collar” is suggestive of warning coloration. Some authors suggest the moths are mimicking dangerous wasps or other insects. Still exploring the field, I spot a Pearl Crescent butterfly on a Sow Thistle blossom. On another Sow Thistle blossom, I notice a Hoverfly while on a Chicory blossom, I notice another one. Often mistaken for a bee or wasp, Hoverflies are common predators of aphids and other small, slow-moving insects. The larvae are tiny legless maggots that range in color from creamy-white to green or brown. (stock photo). Moving toward the lake shore, I pass through a small, dense woods with surprisingly a large variety of broadleaf trees including birch, maple, oak, cherry, mulberry, ash, hickory and willow. Even a few evergreens are seen including pine and cedar. Pausing at the shoreline of what really is an outflow channel of the lake, I see the surface water is choked with a thick blanket of Lily pads. Upon closer look, I spot a lovely white water lily blossom. This blossom is either day 2 or 3 of a 3-day life of this flower. On the first day, the petals are not fully open and thus form a cup-like structure (stock photo) filled with a fluid containing sugars. Beetles and bees enter the flower and often fall into the fluid, which washes off pollen onto the stigma and fertilizes the flower. On the second and third days, no fluid is produced, and the flowers open wide. Insects that land on the flower on these days get covered with pollen and transport it to flowers that are just opening and hence receptive to pollination. On the fourth day, the whole structure is pulled underwater, where the seeds mature in a seed pod (stock photo). Finally, I turn around and find my way back toward the car.

Far from motors 

That race on roads

Door opens to 

Noises of nature

Song of a Sora

Chorus of crickets

Fugue of frogs

Cardinal calls

Redwings respond

Chipmunks chime in

Music of the marsh

 

D. DeGraaf

August 8

It’s sunny with a refreshing breeze and temperatures in the mid 60’s as I begin my morning hike in the 15-acre, Stearns Preserve, located in Gratiot County’s village of Riverdale. My first stop is the bank of the Pine River where I spot blossoms of Purple Loosestrife and Joe-Pye-Weed. Glancing downstream, I watch morning sun beams reflect off the flowing water while nearby, a ½-inch Pearl Crescent Butterfly catches my eye. Exploring the floodplain, I notice patches of Carolina Cranesbill displaying many flower buds as well as stunning Cardinal Flower blossoms. Nearby, I pass by blossoms of Fringed Loosestrife and then pause to watch a ½-inch Grove Snail feeding on a Milkweed leaf. Proceeding onto the Meijer bike trail, I come upon a ½-inch Scorpion Fly and a 1-inch Wood Satyr Butterfly with torn wings, likely caused by a bird or bat attack. Moving back to the riverbank, I first spot a pair of perching Ebony Jewel Wing Damselflies and then pause to watch a swarm of tiny Whirligigs swimming offshore. On my way back to the bike trail, I come upon a batch of fresh, edible Oyster Mushrooms. These fungi have a subtle seafood flavor and a faint, earthy taste. Cooked oyster mushrooms bring a soft, meaty texture to soups, stir-frys, and salad recipes. Back on the bike trail, I proceed under some leaning Boxelder trees before noticing an American Elm tree with dying yellow and brown leaves, symptoms of Dutch Elm disease. In the early 1900’s, Dutch scientists discovered the fungal pathogen that eventually killed millions of Elm trees in western Europe. The first North American Dutch elm disease epidemic began when the pathogen was introduced in the 1920’s by furniture makers who used imported European elm logs to make veneer for cabinets and tables. The disease spread up and down the U.S. east coast and west across the continent, reaching the west coast in 1973. Over 40 million American Elm trees have been killed by this disease that currently is still very destructive. The fungus kills an Elm tree by destroying its vascular tissue. The Elm Bark Beetle (stock photo) spreads the disease by carrying spores from one tree to the next. Turning around toward the car, I observe a 2-inch Eastern Comma Butterfly. This species is one of two look-a-like butterflies named after punctuation marks. This one has what looks like a sideways comma on the underside of the hindwings (stock photo). The other, called the Question Mark Butterfly has what looks like a question mark turned on its side on the underside of the hindwings (stock photo)

 

Hiking the bank

You by my side

Shaping the earth

Glide river, glide

Natural beauty 

For me you show

Rapids and ripples

Flow river, flow

Glistening waters

Reflect the sun

Sustainer of life

Run river, run

 

D. DeGraaf

August 1

The early morning sky is sunny with temperatures in the mid 60’s as I enter another privately-owned, conservation easement east of Alma. As a volunteer for the Chippewa Watershed conservancy, I’m hiking a grass trail on this 38-acre parcel to check whether the owner is continuing to manage this land for optimum wildlife habitat. Soon, I gaze skyward as a dozen or so chirping Barn Swallows flying overhead. While faintly hearing a few Sandhill Cranes taking off in the distance, I notice a spike buck Whitetail deer staring at me from the meadow. Up ahead, I watch the short flight of a large grasshopper with flashy wings before it lands. Upon closer inspection, it turns out to be the short-horned variety. Veering off the trail, I spot a Blue-eyed Darner dragonfly perching on the seedhead of grass. Darners mate in flight. The male places a sperm packet on his abdomen and, once joined in flight, a female will pick it off him and use it to fertilize her eggs, which she has attached to vegetation near water. Females then place fertilized eggs in warm, slow moving waters like ponds, swamps, creeks and small streams. Once hatched, the naiads (stock photo) live in the water, feeding on small aquatic insects, tadpoles and even small fish. Approaching a small pond, I get a close look at a Snowy Egret wading in the shallows. In the early 20th century, this bird was hunted extensively for their long breeding plumes that fashionable ladies wore on their hats. This trade ended in 1910 in North America and the population recovered. Because we are in the northern most section of their summer range, Egrets are rarely seen around here. In addition, most of them migrate in the fall to their breeding grounds along the Gulf Coast. Suddenly, the Egret takes off along with a noisy Great Blue Heron and Green Heron. Exploring the pond perimeter, I observe a large patch of Canadian Thistle flowers that have seeded out and a Honeybee feeding on a Purple Loosestrife blossom. Other pink blossoms that catch my eye include Swamp Thistle and Vervain. At my feet, I see a Broadleaf Plantain plant including its leaves and seed stalks. This plant can be eaten entirely, but the young leaves are the tastiest and are used like spinach in salads and sandwiches. Older leaves are edible as well, but they tend to be more bitter and stringy. Plantain leaves work wonders on mosquito bites, bee stings, and minor cuts and scrapes. The simplest way to use them is to crush up a leaf and rub it on the bite or scrape. Turning back toward the car, I look afar to see the head of a Woodchuck sticking out of the tall grass. At my last stop before the car, I scan a small pond as a noisy Killdeer flies by.

 

Middle of summer

August to greet

Rose hips red

Mulberries sweet

Goldenrod yellow

Chicory blue

Purple Coneflowers

Still in view

Monarch larvae

Consume the green

Redwing Blackbirds

Leave the scene

D. DeGraaf