June 16

The early morning temperatures are in the mid 50’s under clear skies and a mild east wind as I begin my hike at Camp Cutler, a 160-acre scout camp, located about 3 miles northeast of Vestaburg in Montcalm County. In 1960 the Cutler family donated 120 acres of this land to the St. Louis Boys Club in memory of their son Ted.  Including woods, fields, streams, wetlands, and two small lakes, the camp was expanded in 1975 when Gertrude Leppien gave an adjoining 40 acres in memory of her husband. Starting out, I spot a few plants at my feet displaying a white, froth produced by the ¼-inch nymph of a Meadow Spittle Bug (stock photo). The foam acts as a barrier against predators, helps regulate the nymph's body temperature and prevents drying out. Adult spittlebugs (stock photo) are 1/4 inch long but are not usually seen. They are also called froghoppers, having enlarged hind legs for jumping. Following the trail, I pause on a bridge to observe the slow flowing water of the North Branch of the Pine River. Originating about 3 miles NW of here at the convergence of Cedar Drain and Thatcher Creek, the river will continue another 3 miles SE where it flows into the main branch of the Pine River near Lumberjack Park. Making my way down to the river’s edge lined with reeds and Skunk Cabbage, I spot the spiky yellow blossoms of Tufted Loosestrife. Back on the trail, I notice several white blossoms of Multiflora Rose. Continuing through a shady forest of mature Oak and Beech trees, I’m alert to the song of a seldom seen Ovenbird (stock photo). Up ahead, I come upon a resting Ebony Jewelwing Damselfly. Based on its somewhat translucent wings with irregular margins, I suspect this is a young adult who recently emerged from its nymph stage. Entering a large clearing, I notice several spider webs attached to low-growing vegetation. These patterns of crisscrossing silk, called cobwebs, are often seen in corners and ceiling in houses. Made by tiny Triangulate cobweb spiders (stock photo), these webs trap ants and other ground dwelling insects using elastic, sticky trap lines leading to the soil surface. These webs remain in place for extended periods and are expanded and repaired, but no regular pattern of web replacement has been observed. Turning around, I walk through an open meadow, while listening to the song of a Field Sparrow (stock photo). Finally, following a stream bank back toward the car, where I hear a few croaking Green Frogs and look skyward to watch the leaves of an Aspen tree “tremble” in the wind. 

Signs of spring abound

Mother Nature thrives

Frog sits and watches

Grebe swims and dives

Nests rid the chicks

Forest fills with green

Warbler on a branch

Heard, but seldom seen

Another new season 

Summer coming soon

May, a distant memory

Mid-month of June

D. DeGraaf

June 9

The midday temperatures are in the upper 60’s under mostly sunny skies, as I begin my hike in Alma’s Conservation Park at the recently-opened Trail of Trees that identifies and describes 20 species of trees. Approaching tree # 1, Northern White Cedar, I look among the scale-like leaves and spot some unripe female seed cones that were recently fertilized by pollen from inconspicuous male cones (stock photo) on the same tree. These female cones will ripen by mid-August when they will burst open and disperse their seeds. Making my way to tree # 6, Northern Red Oak, I scan the foliage and see an olive-size growth called an Apple Gall, due to the activity of a small Wasp (stock photo). Female wasps inject chemicals and eggs into the leaf buds, triggering the plant to develop this circular structure. This gall provides nutrients and protection for the developing wasp larvae. Apple galls are initially green and spongy but become brown and papery after the adult wasp emerges. Generally, they do not harm the tree. Coming upon tree # 9, a Black Locust, I pick one of the beautiful white blossoms and enjoy its lovely vanilla-like or jasmine-like aroma. These very popular, edible flowers can be eaten raw, cooked, or used in various recipes. They are described as having a sweet, slightly floral taste, with some likening them to sugar snap peas. Beyond eating them raw, they can be incorporated into crepes, salads, deep-fried, or used to make syrup or jelly. While the flowers are edible, the rest of the tree, including the leaves, bark, and seeds, are poisonous. Further along, I notice several green Sugar Maple leaves scattered on the ground due an insect called a Maple Petiole Borer. Adult Sawflies (stock photo) lay eggs in the stems of these Maple leaves in the spring. After larvae hatch, they tunnel (stock photo) into leaf petioles and feed there for 3-4 weeks. This tunneling causes leaves to fall, often very suddenly.  While leaf drop is quite evident, it generally does not impact the long-term health of the tree. Arriving at tree #19, American Beech, I observe a Carpenter Ant scurrying over the smooth, gray bark. This ½ -inch adult, known as a “worker” ant, is wingless. These ants tunnel into wood to create nests, not to eat the wood itself. They excavate wood fibers, which they then discard as sawdust-like shavings. Instead of eating wood, they feed on insects, sweets (like honey and syrup), and other protein sources. Next to the Beech tree, I spot a 5-inch diameter orangish-colored Bolete mushroom commonly known as Porcini or Penny Bun. These are highly prized edible mushrooms. 

 

Lifeblood of earth

Is what you bring

Your current calls

Your waters sing

Spring treasures

A garter snake

A school of fish

A Mallard drake

Vistas of beauty

Your banks bestow

Pine River

Longing to know

D. DeGraaf 

June 2

With the morning temperatures in the low 50’s under mostly sunny skies and a gentle NE breeze, I begin my hike in the Maple River State Game Area, west of US 127, listening to a chorus of birds. Glancing at the water surface, I see several splashes, swirls and dorsal fins made by breeding Carp fish. Females and males gather together in shallow water where several males may spawn with a single female. They will swim actively stirring up the water as they chase or push other fish out of their territory. Up ahead, I observe one of several white Great Egrets perching and flying. These graceful birds have returned from their wintering grounds in the southern US and Central America and will be searching for nesting sites. They primarily nest in the southern part of the state, with small colonies found on islands near Saginaw Bay and farther south in Lake Huron. Not all young that hatch survive the nestling period. Aggression among nestlings is common and large chicks frequently kill their smaller siblings. This behavior, known as siblicide, is not uncommon among birds such as hawks, owls, and herons. Looking south, I spot a large green patch of what appears to be Water Lilies. Upon closer inspection, I see they are American Lotus. Soon this native plant will produce beautiful, yellow-white blossoms. (stock photo) The American lotus is the official floral emblem of Michigan, and its presence is seen as a symbol of the state's commitment to clean water. Far in the distance, I can barely make out the silhouettes of a few Cormorants perching in a leafless tree. Moving along the shoreline, I notice a low-flying Egret while hearing the call of the Coot-like, Common Gallinule (stock photo). Near shore, I spot floating mats of Green Pond Algae and a swimming Muskrat. Turning around to retrace my steps, I pause to look closely at the lush vegetation, where I spot one of many 1-inch, sewing-pin size Blue-tailed Damselflies that just emerged from its Nymph stage (stock photo). Nymphs can stay in the water for two months to three years, depending on environmental conditions. Adults typically live for only a few weeks, though some may live for a month or two. In the distance, I spot 2 perching/hunting Great Blue Herons and 1 perching/hunting Great Egret noting the difference in their coloration. Competition for food and nesting sites can occur, especially during peak breeding seasons. Egrets are known to be more mobile than Blue Herons, potentially leading to less localized competition. Heading back toward the car, I come upon catkins of a Sandbar Willow and blossoms of Bird’s-foot Trefoil. Near the car, my ears are alert to the distinctive  song of a Great-Crested Flycatcher (stock photo)

Blossoms unfold

Long before noon 

A leafy perch

Catbird's tune 

High in a maple 

Sleeping Raccoon 

Spring is fading 

Summer is soon 

Nature's displays

Beginning of June

 

D. DeGraaf

May 26

The early afternoon weather has temperatures in the low 50’s, cloudy skies and a steady north wind as John Clark, a longtime friend and mentor, and I begin exploring Ithaca Schools’ Outdoor Education Area. While teaching science for 30-some years in Ithaca, John played a vital role in acquiring and developing this property for district students to visit and learn about the natural world. Shortly after entering a woodland of mature Beech and Maple trees, we come upon a familiar wood-decaying fungus called Chicken-of-the-Woods. This edible mushroom can be fried, sautéed, grilled, or baked. It's often compared to the taste and texture of chicken. We then follow a sign to a small pond named in honor of John. Continuing to explore the area, we spot a resting Chipmunk, some Morning Star Sedge and a Sensitive Fern. Up ahead, we observe white blossoms of Silky Dogwood and Maple-leaf Viburnum. On the ground, we spot a 3-inch female flower that fell from a nearby Quaking Aspen tree. These flowers appear as dangling clusters called catkins (stock photo) before the leaves appear. Up ahead, we come upon the base of an invasive Oriental Bittersweet vine. We then observe one of its vines as it tightly wraps itself around the limb of nearby tree. This often girdles and kills these younger trees as the hard woody vine constricts the trunk.  The vine will climb anything it can wrap itself around, and it grows very quickly. This makes smaller understory tree species, and shrubs particularly vulnerable to these vines.  They continue to climb in search of the canopy while they increase in diameter and put out more leaves, shading out the leaves of the host tree. A single vine can grow as thick as an adult person’s forearm. Further ahead, we spot the rough-looking trunks of a couple of Shagbark Hickory trees. Looking up, we notice some newly forming leaves from one of the trees displaying tiny, multi-colored growths called Hickory Midge Galls. These galls are caused by the feeding and development activities of midge larvae (stock photo). Although infested leaves have abnormal growth and less photosynthetic capabilities, the tree itself is rarely harmed. Heading toward the car, we come upon a decaying log displaying brown-rot. A selective degradation by a certain species of fungi results in a reddish-brown, crumbly appearance of the affected wood. Near the car, we notice a Motherwort plant with its star-shaped leaves. This summer it will produce a stalk of delicate flowers (stock photo).

 

From a verdant meadow

From the forest ground

From trees on high

Jewels are found

Some bright yellow

Others white and blue

Some mostly red

Others, a purple hue

Colorful displays

To earth they cling

Nature’s gems

Blossoms of spring

 

D. DeGraaf 

May 19

The sky is cloudy with temperatures in the mid 60’s, as Caroline, Riley and I start our midmorning nature hike at Lumberjack Park, near the village of Riverdale. Right away, I come upon a wildflower that I’ve never seen before. Called Grape Hyacinths, these plants are native to southeastern Europe and Turkey. However because of their popularity as garden plants and their ability to naturalize, they are now found here in the USA and many other parts of the world. The flowers and buds are edible for humans, but not the bulbs. The flowers can be infused in beverages or used to add a grape-like flavor to dishes. Exploring the ground, I notice the unique leaf shape of a Bloodroot plant. As the name implies, the roots of these plants contain a blood-red juice (stock photo). Native Americans used this juice as a valuable dye for coloring baskets, clothing, and war paint. Heading north on a boardwalk, we cross a shallow wetland lined with Skunk Cabbage and Pennsylvania Sedge. Turning east, we walk on the edge of Mud Creek where I spot some blossoms of Wild Strawberry that rarely bear fruit because of difficulties in pollination. Turning north, we follow a path lined with towering Red and While Pine trees whose dead needles cover the ground. Making it to a high bank of the Pine River, we rest on a bench to take in the scenic riparian landscape. Continuing west through a corridor of leafing-out trees, we are serenaded by a noisy Blue Jay. Up ahead, I come upon a colony of May apple plants, some displaying their lovely white  blossoms. After pollination, the fruit, a green “apple” develops and ripens to a golden yellow. (stock photo). When ripe, the walnut-size fruit is edible with a distinctive flavor described as a combination of pineapple, Starburst candy, and passion fruit, with a hint of citrus and berry. However, it is rarely found before it is most often consumed by wildlife like deer, raccoons, squirrels, and turtles. Crossing a road bridge, we look at and listen to the river as its water funnels through some smooth rocks. Heading south into the campground, I notice beautiful blossoms of Trillium and Wild Geranium. Off the trail, I come to a silken nest in the crotch of a young Cherry tree where 1-inch Eastern Tent Caterpillars are crawling around. Having hatched in early spring, they are now feeding on the foliage of the host tree. When they mature in early summer, they will crawl to the ground away from the tent to find a protected place to spin a cocoon and pupate. Adult moths (stock photo) emerge in late June and July. 

Stately bird of prey

Early morning search

Still as a statue

High on a perch

Scanning a meadow 

Clover of white

Field mouse scampers

In the raptor’s sight

Swoops fast, kills quick

Mother Nature’s way

Red-tailed Hawk 

Lives another day

 

D. DeGraaf

May 12

The early morning sky is sunny with temperatures in the upper 50’s as I hike on the bank of the Bad River, off Dempsey Rd, 3 miles due west of the town St. Charles in Saginaw County. Soon my ears perk up to the attractive song of a Rose-breasted Grosbeak ,coming from a nearby tall leafless tree.. This robin-like song has inspired many a bird watcher to pay tribute to it. A couple of early twentieth-century naturalists said it is “so entrancingly beautiful that words cannot describe it.” Following the sound, I’m pleased to see a multi-colored male Grosbeak perched high in the tree. Further ahead, I spot a Staghorn Sumac displaying its reddish fruit clusters. Although the fruit ripened last fall, the seeds can still be used whole, dried, or ground into a powder for various culinary applications. Next, I pause to take in the gently flowing river while listening to a chorus of birds. From the bank, I watch a Muskrat swim by with some aquatic vegetation in its mouth. My guess is it’s food for babies born a few weeks ago that are being weened from their mother’s milk. Adult Muskrats are primarily herbivores, feeding mostly on cattails, sedges, and water lilies. They may also eat some animal matter, including mussels, crayfish, and frogs.Continuing along the bank, I observe an Autumn Olive bush beginning to flower. Glancing skyward, I notice the red flower buds and white flowers of Crabapple. Near the river’s edge, I spot a spider web. Whenever, I see these ornate patterns of silken threads, I’m amazed that it likely will be dismantled and rebuilt by tomarrow. Rebuilding a new web is more efficient than repairing a damaged one, and it allows the spider to have a fresh, functional web each night. These orb weavers digest the silk from their old webs, allowing them to recycle the proteins and rebuild their webs without wasting resources. Exploring the muddy flood plain, I notice yellow blossoms of Wild Mustard and Buttercup as well as a pile of fresh Raccoon scat. This sight reminds me of a funny jingle I recited years ago with school kids during field trips at Forest Hill Nature Area.“Starts with an S, ends with a T, comes out of you, comes out of me. I know what you’re thinking. It’s not that. Let’s be scientific, call it SCAT.” Turning back toward the car, I hear the lovely song of a male Baltimore Oriole along with the disturbing sound of a chainsaw. In a nearby tree, I get a brief look at the colorful source.  These birds got their name from their bold orange-and-black plumage, the same colors as the heraldic crest of England’s Baltimore family (who also gave their name to Maryland’s largest city).

Perching squirrel

Chitter, Chatter

Chipmunk runs

Pitter, patter

Wood duck pair

Flies and squeaks

River rapids

Babbling creeks

Frogs and toads

Start to sing

Natures choir

Songs of spring

 

D. DeGraaf

May 5

For my 11^th encounter with the North Branch of the Bad River, I’m 7 miles west of Saginaw County’s village of St Charles, watching its water flow quietly through a greening landscape. The early morning sky is sunny with temperatures in the low 70’s and a stiff west wind as I take in the sights and sounds along the bank. At my feet, I see patches of Ground Ivy with their tiny purple, tubular blossoms. Also known as Creeping Charlie, this perennial plant is native to Eurasia but has become naturalized in North America. Its leaves and stems release a strong, minty odor when crushed. They also have a slightly bitter flavor and can be used in soups, salads, or as a flavoring in dishes. Their blossoms provide nectar for pollinators, particularly bees, during the early spring when few other plants are in bloom. Ground Ivy can be toxic to some livestock, especially horses, if consumed in large quantities. Exploring the river’s edge, I first spot some Raccoon tracks in the mud when suddenly a noisy Belted Kingfisher flies in front of me. This amazing bird (stock photo) nests in burrows along earthen banks and feeds almost entirely on aquatic prey, diving into the river to catch fish and crayfish with its heavy, straight bill. Further along the shore, I barely see a perching Song Sparrow and then pause to hear a Robin while watching flowers on a female Box Elder tree sway in the breeze. Female trees are the only ones to produce clusters of winged seeds later in the year. Back on the flood plain, I spot blossoms of Sweet White and Woodland Violets as well as a young edible Pheasant Back mushroom growing in the crevasse of a tree trunk. Nearby, I come upon one of many fertile stems of Field Horsetail.  This plant is part of one of the most primitive living plant families in the world. Dating back to the Carboniferous Period (354–290 million years ago), the ancestors of horsetail were tree-size and dominated the landscape, ultimately transforming into coal deposits found today. A perennial relative of ferns, it has many common names including scouring rush, meadow-pine and snake-grass. Later in the season the stem will become sterile and look like miniature pine trees (stock photo). After taking one last look at the scenic river as the morning sun reflects off the water, I proceed toward the car, where I observe branches of an Austrian Pine tree displaying 5-inch, stiff needles,  female flowers, new male pollen cones and old female seed cones.

Stage is set

Opening scene 

Curtain rises

Trees hint green

Nature takes her place

Moving through spring

Her violets bloom

Amphibians sing

Back from the south

Right on cue

Swooping the river

Swallows of blue

 

D. DeGraaf