August 25

It’s mostly cloudy with morning temperatures in the mid 60’s and a gusty breeze as I enter the 200-acre Alma College Ecological Station, just east of the village of Vestaburg. Following an earthen trail, I recognize one of several Sassafras trees, easily identifiable by the variable shapes of its leaves. All parts of this tree have a distinctive spicy aroma, similar to root beer, which comes from the chemical compound Safrole found in its bark and other tissues. The root bark was historically used to flavor root beer and other foods. Since Safrole was linked to liver cancer in animal studies, it was banned by the FDA in the 1960s. Further along, I spot a Mayapple plant displaying a green, unripe, toxic “apple”. Ripe fruit, which turns from green to yellow is edible with a sweet, citrusy, and sometimes berry-like flavor. Nearby, I come upon a Crown-tipped Coral Mushroom. They are edible, peppery-tasting mushrooms, but it's crucial to try only a small cooked portion first to check for adverse reactions. Turning downslope and proceeding ahead on a floating boardwalk, I notice large patches of Sphagnum moss, including one occupied by a small Wolf Spider. Soon, I come to the edge of small Davis Lake, known as a peat bog. Also called a quagmire, this wetland is characterized by the accumulation of partially decayed sphagnum moss, referred to as peat moss. Peat forms water-saturated spongy layers along the edge of the lake that is habitat for unique flora like this carnivorous Purple Pitcher plant with its pitcher-shaped leaves that collect rainwater and act as a trap for unsuspecting insects. The inner surface of these leaves is lined with downward-pointing hairs to prevent insects from escaping. Enzymes in the water pool within the pitcher break down the trapped insects, providing the plant with nutrients. Also, along the water’s edge, I spot purple blossoms of Pickeral Weed as well as a Bumble bee feeding on pink blossoms of Swamp Loosestrife. Unlike invasive Purple Loosestrife (stock photo), Swamp Loosestrife is a valuable part of native wetland habitats. Turning around, I make my way back to the car, where I notice some tiny orange Pinwheel mushrooms. While they’re not poisonous, they’re not recommended for consumption because they’re too small to be a worthwhile food source. Driving home, I realize that every time I come here, my hike is full of quiet drama between plants, fungi, insects, and other creatures. What at first seems like a hushed, still landscape quickly reveals itself as a bustling stage of color, texture, and sound. It’s a place of blossoms and berries, mushrooms and moss, buzzing bees and skittering spiders. Together, these life forms are interconnected, each detail worth pausing to see.

Far edge of August

Everywhere is green

Realm of living flora

Nature is the queen

Leaves of the canopy

Shade the earth below

Ferns and sedges

Still grow and show

Grasses of the meadow

Their color remains

Early morning dew

Late summer rains

 

D. DeGraaf

The early morning temperatures are in the mid 60’s under hazy skies as I begin hiking east on a section of the Meijer Bike trail within the 14-acre Stearns Preserve, located in the village of Riverdale, Michigan. As a volunteer monitor for the Chippewa Watershed Conservancy, I’m doing my annual walk-through and subsequent report of the preserve to make sure it complies with CWC’s definition of suitable wildlife habitat. Even though I’ve walked this part of the trail dozens of times, I’m surprised at the sight of a few smooth, gray, Beech-like tree trunks. After observing the Maple-type leaves on their branches, I determine they are never-before-realized, Norway Maple trees. Continuing east across a bridge over the Pine River, I pause to watch its water flow gently south. Up ahead, I spot ripening fruit on a Silky Dogwood shrub and the unripe fruit on a Wild Grape vine. The vine also displays some shrunken leaves with tiny galls caused by Phylloxera, a native, sucking aphid-like insect (stock photo). This condition does not seem to impact the quality and quantity of the grapes. Nearby, I come upon a familiar mushroom, called Chicken-of-the-Woods, Since it is soft and moist to my touch, I know it is quite edible. However, it’s important to cook this fungus thoroughly, as it can be difficult to digest raw. It's often used by foragers in stews and pasta dishes as a plant-based substitute for chicken due to its meaty texture and flavor. Further along, I spot a 2-inch, Northern Pearly-Eyes Butterfly perched on a tree trunk. These butterflies are unusual because they lack the long, sucking mouth parts needed for pollination. Instead, they feed on sap, dung, and decaying matter rather than nectar from flowers. Their 1-inch caterpillar (stock photo) feeds on a variety of wild grasses. Next, I notice a tiny, ¾ inch Common Angle Moth resting on a leaf. The caterpillar of this typical geometer moth (stock photo) can be seen “inching” its way along branches. They primarily feed on leaves of maple, oak, and birch trees. In some cases, this leads to defoliation, which can weaken trees and potentially kill young saplings. After spotting the CWC boundary marker, I turnaround to retrace my steps back toward the car and pause to listen to the cat-like mewing call of a Northern Catbird that gives this species its common name. However, these birds are also known to mimic the calls of other birds and even other sounds like frog calls or mechanical noises. Their vocalizations are diverse and can include whistles, squeaks, gurgles, whines, and nasal tones. Near the car, on the north side of the bike trail, I explore a small meadow where blossoms of Blue Vervain and Joe-Pye Weed catch my eye.

Welcomed sight

Pleasant sound

Carving the earth

Shaping the ground

Channel is full 

Current is swift

Burgeoning banks

Nature’s gift

Living water

Worthy of praise

Pine River

Admire her ways

 

D. DeGraaf

August 11

It's early afternoon under sunny skies and temperatures in the mid 80’s, when Caroline, Riley and I hike a trail through the Tualatin River Wildlife Refuge, near Sherwood Oregon. This place spans 1,856 acres, including wetlands and lowlands, providing habitat for a diverse range of wildlife. Following the trail, I hear the familiar song of a House Finch (stock photo). Approaching a large pond, I spot both a dark, Great Blue Heron and a white, Great Egret. Herons are year-round residents in Oregon. While they don't undertake long-distance migrations, they may move to lower elevations or coastal areas during the winter,. Egrets are partial migrants, meaning some individuals migrate while others remain resident. Near shore I spot a foraging Nutria. These beaver-size rodents are an invasive species, causing damage to wetlands and agricultural areas. With no license or limit required, Oregonians are encouraged to hunt and eat them as a way to control their population. The meat is considered a cheap and available source of protein. Some people describe the taste as similar to rabbit or the dark meat of a turkey. Looking skyward, I see a perching Tree Swallow. These birds are common summer residents in Oregon, particularly near wetlands and waterways. They are long-distant migrants that soon will gather in large flocks before heading south. These swallows are thought to migrate along the Pacific coast and eastern Rockies. While some winter in the southern United States, many continue south to Central America and the Caribbean. Next to the path, I pause to watch yellow button-like blossoms of Common Tansy sway in the breeze. Up ahead, I notice the tiny, pink blossoms of Slender Centaury, a plant native to Mediterranean Basin of Africa, Asia and Europe. Down the trail, I come upon a Snowberry shrub displaying clusters of white, pea-size berries. While the fruit is not poisonous to birds and other wildlife, it can cause stomach upset in humans if ingested. Nearby, I spot an Oregon Grape plant with its holly-like leaves and clusters of small, blue-black berries that are edible but tart and are a favorite of birds and other wildlife. Close to the car, I observe an Oregon White Oak tree with some pool-ball size galls attached to a branch. Previously, a small wasp (stock photo) deposited eggs on the branch, inducing the formation of these galls around the larvae who then feed on the inner tissue. After the larvae pupate in late summer, they bore their way out of the gall, fly off to lay eggs in other trees to repeat the cycle.

Why do I walk in distant lands

Hiking trails in rain or shine

Why do I get up early and go

Start before the stroke of nine

What brings me to these places

With wetlands, river and hill

What draws me to the wild

There’s a need I wish to fill

My spirit connects to nature

Feelings for her are strong

Another place on earth

She’s been waiting all along

 

D. DeGraaf

August 4

The early morning weather is clear and cool as Caroline, Riley and I follow a walking Western Gull along the rocky and sandy Oregon seashore. Since the tide is low, a variety of marine creatures are on display among the huge rocks and tide pools. A closer look at the rocks, show a surface covered with dark-colored, clam-like California Mussels mixed with light-colored Goose-neck, Acorn and Little Brown Barnacles. Mussels and Barnacles are filter feeders and compete for space and resources. Some are harvested for seafood. Coming upon one of many tide pools, I spots some colorful Ochre Sea Stars. These starfish display color polymorphism, where different colors exist within the same species. The orange color comes from a diet of Mussels, rich in orange pigments while the reddish and brown colors come from a more varied diet. Ochre Sea Stars are voracious predators on Mussels. By killing large numbers of them, they determine to some extent their distribution. Mussels are superior competitors for space and may take over the rocky substrate, but the presence of these Sea Stars allows other animals to use the space that is void of Mussels. In addition to starfish, I notice some small greenish-brown Aggregating Anemones. They use bits of shell and sand to camouflage themselves, making them blend into their surroundings. They can have "war" with other colonies using specialized tentacles. Under the water, I spot a 2-inch Tidepool Sculpin. This fish has several adaptations that allows it to thrive in these conditions. It can breathe air for short periods when out of the water, helping it survive when the tide recedes. It can change color to match its surroundings, making it difficult to spot. Sculpins are predators, feeding on small invertebrates like isopods, amphipods, and worms. Continuing to explore the beach, at my feet, I observe one of many Sand Fleas. Often called beach hoppers, these ¼ inch organisms are not insects, but small Crustaceans. Looking up at a steep rock face, I spot white blossoms of Coast Angelica and a Pelagic Cormorant standing on its nest that it cemented to the rocks with its own white guano (feces). Looking seaward, I notice a large mat of floating Bull Kelp. This species forms dense underwater forests that are particularly important for providing food and shelter for various species and are known to be essential to Oregon's coastal fisheries. However, these forests are facing decline due to warming waters and overgrazing by sea urchins, highlighting the need for conservation efforts. 

Peak of summer

Here in the west

Exploring nature

Remains my quest

Endless ocean

Rocky beaches

A pelican dives

A whale breaches

An osprey soars

Higher than most

Pounding surf

Carves the coast

 

D. DeGraaf

July 28

he early morning skies are partly sunny with temperatures in the mid 50’s as Caroline, Riley and I hike on one of several paved nature trails in the city of Sherwood, Oregon, 17 miles south of Portland. On both sides of the path, I look up to see lots of tree branches covered with Usnea lichens. Also known as Old Man’s Beard, Usnea plays an important role in the ecosystem, providing food and nesting material for wildlife and contributing to nutrient cycling. It's also a bioindicator, meaning its presence or absence can indicate air quality. On a large, decaying tree trunk, I notice some lichens and mosses mixed with some wood oysterling mushrooms. In Oregon, the term "wood oysterling" may refer to several different fungi, including some true Oyster mushrooms and other lookalikes. Pausing by a small pond, I watch a group of Mallard hens and juveniles swimming around. Near the far shore, I spot, but am unable to photograph, the head of a swimming muskrat-like rodent, called a Nutria (stock photo). This semi-aquatic mammal, native to South America, was originally brought to the US in 1889 for its fur. When the fur market collapsed in the 1940s, thousands of them escaped or were released into the wild by ranchers who could no longer afford to feed and house them. Nutria are voracious herbivores, known for clearing areas of their vegetation. Coupled with their proficiency in traveling both on land and in water, they pose a significant threat to the environment, particularly wetlands. Up ahead, I observe the pink blossoms of a native, deciduous shrub called Douglas Spirea, also known by other common names like hardhack and steeplebush. Named after David Douglas, this 19^th century, Scottish botanist also has his name attached to the Douglas Fir. Nearby, I notice pink blossoms of Japanese Spirea, a small, invasive shrub native to Japan, Korea and China. Among the floating pond weeds covering the pond surface, I spot the head of a Bullfrog with its large, bulging eyes that sit at the top of its skull. The location of its eyes gives it a wide frame of vision, which is important because it cannot move its head from side to side. These amphibians are carnivore that eat crayfish, water beetles, snails, dragonfly nymphs (larvae), small fish, and occasionally small birds. Animals such as snapping turtles, foxes, herons, and raccoons eat them. Continuing down the path, lined with snow-like Cottonwood seeds, my ears perk up to the song of a Spotted Towhee (stock photo) and a Steller’s Jay (stock photo) Turning around and approaching the car, I see the familiar blossoms of Queen Anne’s Lace as well as 10-inch wide leaves of Bigleaf Maple.

Who will raise their voices

With arguments and pleas

Who will speak for the creatures

Who will defend the trees

Wildlife are in peril

Their habitats shrink

Some are threatened

Others on the brink

Respect living things

Conserve and care

Revere them all

This planet we share

 

D. DeGraaf

July 21

The early morning sky is sunny with temperatures in the upper 60’s as Caroline and Riley join me for a hike in the 2.2 million-acre Yellowstone National Park. Soon we come upon a small pond where several dragonflies flutter above the surface. Exploring the bank, I spot some of these, including a Western Pond Hawk, a White-faced Meadow Hawk, and a Paddle-tailed Darner. Also, I see a lovely Spread-wing Damselfly. Circling the pond, I spot a patch of Golden Paintbrush blossoms as well as a lovely blue blossom of Fringed Gentian. Driving a short distance, we find a vacant campground with a sign on one of the picnic tables that reminds us we are in Yellowstone Park, not Conservation Park in Alma. Exploring this area, I come upon a patch of Harebells. The Haida Indians of the Pacific Northwest called them "blue rain flowers" and it was thought that picking them would cause it to rain. Nearby, I see white blossoms of Richardson's Geranium, named after Sir John Richardson, a 19^th century Scottish naturalist, explorer, and surgeon. Next, I come upon a Twinberry Honeysuckle shrub. While its berries are a valuable food source for wildlife, they are not recommended for human consumption. Scattered on the ground are frisbee-size mounds of dried Buffalo dung. Bison feces is an important natural fertilizer for microbes, plants and other animals. This natural biologic function is a fundamental means of nutrient flow on the grasslands and woodlands in the park. Up ahead, I pause to observe the reddish stalks of Woodland Pine-drops. Lacking chlorophyll, this saprophyte derives its food from dead and decaying plant material, especially the deep humus found under Lodge-Pole and Ponderosa pines. Hiking near our cabin rental, I pause, along with other tourists, to watch the Old Faithful geyser erupt, an event happening nearly every 90 minutes. Yellowstone Park boasts a high concentration of geysers due to a shallow magma chamber that provides the intense heat needed to superheat groundwater, while rainwater and snowmelt seep into the ground, forming underground reservoirs. Fractures and faults in the rock act as a plumbing system, allowing the heated water to rise rapidly and erupt as geysers. After the eruption, I notice some of this heated water carrying high amounts of calcium carbonate, cool and form a chalky white landscape while some of the water spills into the passing river. Down river, I spot a few Common Mare’s Tails poking out of the flowing water. This perennial herb can be a troublesome weed, obstructing the flow of water in rivers and streams.

 

One early morning

One human finds

Steamy geysers

Lodge pole pines

One life grateful

We saved this place

For nature’s wonders

To have their space

Bison and bears

Make their mark

One of a kind

Yellowstone Park

D. DeGraaf 

July 14

The early morning sky is mostly sunny with temperatures in the mid 60’s as I, once again, enter a conservation easement of the Chippewa Watershed Conservancy for my annual inspection of this 38 -acre Gratiot County property.  Right away, I spot the head of a Whitetail buck sticking out of tall grasses, displaying his velvet-covered antlers. Most bucks will complete their antler growth in the middle of August. In late August through mid-September, the velvet dries up and they rub it off.  Just ahead, I notice a Milkweed beetle resting on a Milkweed leaf. Like Monarch butterflies, these beetles accumulate cardenolides from Milkweed, making them unpalatable to predators, a defense they advertise with their striking orange and black markings.  Continuing along, I watch a Bumblebee and a small Sweat Bee feed on small yellow blossoms of Common Mullein. Sweat bees are important pollinators for many wildflowers. As their common name suggests, these bees are attracted to the salt found in human perspiration. Off in a distant field, I look at and listen to a breeding pair of Sandhill Cranes. These lovely birds mate for life - which can mean two decades or more - and stay with their mates year-round. Looping back, I find some Hairy Vetch plants with their lovely purple blossoms. This plant is a highly effective nitrogen fixer, extracting nitrogen from the atmosphere and making it available to plants in the soil, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Pausing at one of several ponds, I first listen to a few Green Frogs and then spot a needle-like Bluet Damselfly perched above the water on blade of grass. Nearby, I see a Cabbage-white Butterfly feeding on Catnip blossoms. This butterfly is a common species whose caterpillars, called cabbageworms (stock photo) are considered a significant pest of crops like cabbage, kale, and broccoli. On my way back to the car, I pass a large patch of Chamomile blossoms. This plant has been used for centuries for its medicinal effects. It is commonly consumed as an herbal tea and is also used in cosmetics and aromatherapy. Nearing the car, I spot a Japanese Beetle resting on a False Sunflower blossom. This native Japanese insect, first discovered in the US in 1916, is a significant pest of landscape trees and shrubs as well as vegetable and fruit crops.  

Beauty of summer

settles over the water

where a cardinal flower

flaunts its scarlet pedals, 

a wood duck drake parades

its coat of many colors.

In the murky depths

beauty awaits its cue.

An unsightly creature

heeds its inner call to

ascend and transform. 

Behold! Dragonfly, 

adorned with translucent

wings and body of 

iridescent green.

 

D. DeGraaf